$ flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -w BIOS_X11DPU-091C_20231215_4.2_STD.bin
flashrom unknown on Linux 6.5.0-26-generic (x86_64)
flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org
Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns).
Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L25635F/MX25L25645G" (32768 kB, SPI) on ch341a_spi.
===
This flash part has status UNTESTED for operations: WP
The test status of this chip may have been updated in the latest development
version of flashrom. If you are running the latest development version,
please email a report to flashrom@flashrom.org if any of the above operations
work correctly for you with this flash chip. Please include the flashrom log
file for all operations you tested (see the man page for details), and mention
which mainboard or programmer you tested in the subject line.
Thanks for your help!
Reading old flash chip contents... done.
Erasing and writing flash chip... FAILED at 0x00001000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x00, failed byte count from 0x00001000-0x00001fff: 0x1e9
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
FAILED at 0x00001000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x00, failed byte count from 0x00001000-0x00001fff: 0x1e9
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
FAILED at 0x00000010! Expected=0xff, Found=0x5a, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x00007fff: 0x56ad
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
FAILED at 0x00000010! Expected=0xff, Found=0x5a, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x00007fff: 0x56ad
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
FAILED at 0x00000000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x3b, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x0000ffff: 0xdff5
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
FAILED at 0x00000000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x3b, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x0000ffff: 0xdff3
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
FAILED at 0x00000000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x3b, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x01ffffff: 0xcdc31e
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
FAILED at 0x00000000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x39, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x01ffffff: 0xcdc320
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. No usable erase functions left.
FAILED!
Uh oh. Erase/write failed. Checking if anything has changed.
Reading current flash chip contents... done.
Apparently at least some data has changed.
Your flash chip is in an unknown state.
Please report this to the mailing list at flashrom@flashrom.org or
on IRC (see https://www.flashrom.org/Contact for details), thanks!