I tested write amplification in FreeBSD. UFS, ZFS, Geli and ZFS native encryption. I measured how the counters in SMART would go up compared to the amount I was writing. The numbers showed no amplification, which surprised me.
It depends on what you can cool easier in your particular setup.
I use the in-PCIe-slot card option with a fan pointed at them.
What I'd really want is a hotswap frame like this: https://www.amazon.com/ICY-DOCK-ToughArmor-Rugged-External/dp/B07B9HK4QG/ref=sr_1_3
But as people pointed out -...
Gaming - no.
Workstation - depends on the work. I can imagine that compiles of large systems speed up by a couple of percent. Putting your Chrome profile on one could be beneficial. I have my gaming machine Windows boot on Optane but never measured whether it actually does anything faster.
mdadm is very good software but since it separates filesystem and raid it has the "raid hole". Not their fault but a disadvantage nontheless.
Never ran btrfs and probably never will.
RAID6 is absolutely worth it over RAiD5. The problem is that after a drive failure you rsync a new drive. And the resync puts a lot of stress on the remaining old drives. At a time where one more drive failure takes your array offline.
As for OS, I would use ZFS on FreeBSD, possibly inside Proxmox.
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